Theorizing the Resilient District: Design-Based Decision Making for Urban Coastal Climate Change Adaptation
Researchers/Authors:
Michael Wilson, Alan M. Berger, Richard J. Zeckhauser (KSG), Fadi Masoud, with Matthew Spremulli
Abstract:
Cities increasingly plan for and respond to catastrophes. To retrofit and rebuild, long time horizons are required for decision-making, design, and construction. Whereas most literature has focused on regional level planning, this paper argues urban districts can leverage design to formulate resilient strategies. These districts, however, depend upon matching economic tools with socio-political engagement at the appropriate spatial scale. In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy and the design competition “Rebuild By Design” (HUD and Rockefeller Fdn), the Norman B. Leventhal Center for Advanced Urbanism at MIT introduced a working concept of “resilient districts” for urban areas that are vulnerable to current coastal flooding and future climate impacts was introduced. This paper critiques subsequent districting efforts, from planning and economic perspectives, and outlines their central four tenets of protecting critical infrastructure, thickening regional soft systems, transferring density to less vulnerable areas, and encouraging landscape-based land uses. These theories are illustrated with case studies in the New Jersey Meadowlands and metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts.
Publication pending
-elements featured at Boston Public Library's Norman B. Leventhal Map Center exhibit: "Regions and Seasons: Mapping Climate through History," March 4 through August 27, 2017
-elements discussed in lecture at Boston Anthenaeum: https://vimeo.com/140228130
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,2500,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=7e72607c51348cde010abdfe1b1bfd715d57c47478d703f55c4e47d9d771886e&1650 1650w 1275h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,900,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=cc831f18745db0a3021fb1bc94ff5665091250a97f7de28b25273dc70dcc09c6&900 900w 695h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,700,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=f25f2c7c1dcf97695ba6ab75cd70fb11973fc41a5aaa3bed57edbea5f22a6b96&700 700w 541h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,550,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=5a2b2fdfe140704363af03f145373a4ba912240197a0407e35f0b20b139160ac&550 550w 425h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,400,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=ce50c49bcc7f5ad9a6b6f8e8028fc34434a6dd1355fe703f5721c9a327f07550&400 400w 309h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,300,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=b6e5277a29e18b5754a107b5652098007c2783594b95a29ee1600e88aa393ec8&300 300w 232h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,150,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1d3ebfcf1f34f50edf3b438335828bdeb562c4c448aa1c3c8dbd5ed694b90e19&150 150w 116h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,1600,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1dcdc7b908b3312a754d49decd95d4704a249f4a6525397d6a33fe4284cc06f2&1600 1600w 1236h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,1200,1275/0-0-0/af5e3e67-236d-4beb-ae6a-2353b5d0e643/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_08.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=81c5f605b84347a72fab7d7af79d14848bfc304167b0516e66f1450c6dc178bf&1200 1200w 927h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,2500,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=7e72607c51348cde010abdfe1b1bfd715d57c47478d703f55c4e47d9d771886e&1650 1650w 1275h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,900,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=cc831f18745db0a3021fb1bc94ff5665091250a97f7de28b25273dc70dcc09c6&900 900w 695h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,700,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=f25f2c7c1dcf97695ba6ab75cd70fb11973fc41a5aaa3bed57edbea5f22a6b96&700 700w 541h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,550,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=5a2b2fdfe140704363af03f145373a4ba912240197a0407e35f0b20b139160ac&550 550w 425h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,400,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=ce50c49bcc7f5ad9a6b6f8e8028fc34434a6dd1355fe703f5721c9a327f07550&400 400w 309h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,300,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=b6e5277a29e18b5754a107b5652098007c2783594b95a29ee1600e88aa393ec8&300 300w 232h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,150,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1d3ebfcf1f34f50edf3b438335828bdeb562c4c448aa1c3c8dbd5ed694b90e19&150 150w 116h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,1600,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1dcdc7b908b3312a754d49decd95d4704a249f4a6525397d6a33fe4284cc06f2&1600 1600w 1236h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1650,1275,1200,1275/0-0-0/c59e297e-0e06-41df-a37a-f1f3721dfe9c/1/1/BergerCAUBoston_Athenaeum_key_Page_09.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=81c5f605b84347a72fab7d7af79d14848bfc304167b0516e66f1450c6dc178bf&1200 1200w 927h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,2500,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=d752ba923b93940d7d5a19f78bfbb66f9887c3f490d55ec6c0d3b22b5ba09b7a&1228 1228w 722h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,900,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=6e5109f3985a417c13427ce7ac95ab698bd4c45a01afe4ec802536551830b215&900 900w 529h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,700,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=64d4a008dfc07c0ffb86f0d213c0ad3ee219df775b7495aa677cdf4e62972f3e&700 700w 412h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,550,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=13cb499a1bdfa0ad15e24d767457cc7d9a4edbce1dff0f597a9ab224c3cfa0ee&550 550w 323h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,400,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=56f938454f1c2f2e905d1764f054205565acedc977dc710dfc1ad948a1a70056&400 400w 235h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,300,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0bce89d368b575107a451d9a4413459d665383dea103268bc34a7bed375319ba&300 300w 176h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,150,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=bfb13957ff522da62a8c6f4673a6c5fc865dfc4cbda13178791ee66017fd8ca5&150 150w 88h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,1600,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=7a7502500e311bf9f08400e55c181f2fc0fe67bbdb4bc79cea11f0152836a8af&1228 1228w 722h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1228,722,1200,722/0-0-0/6fcb14ab-8c0a-449d-b5f1-b7059e4b6ed7/1/1/Figure_7_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=a7e78aebfd4f00f2526944eb3e94de77e395d94fa2df8287b2d2015487d229ae&1200 1200w 706h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,2500,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=c9762bd7aa66ea8e341496d90cb67543c607c31d2cbeed2eaeaf9d451f6cb150&2500 2500w 1404h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,900,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=f9b4cfb5674d39f4ec585866b8f9837365843cff673c50d35b54628030f91b72&900 900w 505h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,700,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=2d0263cd655175e2c47a65da35960a0f7a51b10f637917a7d18edadafb91b69a&700 700w 393h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,550,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=7c6e3812c70077cb18fcac7aff6d9c10072e65a9faca24bb5a9be347126bc4ae&550 550w 309h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,400,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1cf107c8dc591dfcc2cd32d4febd5b4867048fbf206db9ad360184e5677142b3&400 400w 225h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,300,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8037f5e3ea74df6476c6f3210aab61144728afbd5f699405197ee0f85e187054&300 300w 168h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,150,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=a024d1ba7769ff8d400546e215cafbce422bd6c69982cfd87e3c4ac1925126ed&150 150w 84h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,1600,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=d0e960bf524768ed9eec753c587b261e13001f2c0b0e0d475745d8a1303ff14a&1600 1600w 898h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3969,2229,1200,2229/0-0-0/febff2c4-b3a9-4c2e-b2e3-f91ef848a6fd/1/1/Figure_8.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=a5593784aff8edffcd76e2624d749c430a5e1a9db42cb135e7ca4ef8ec93511b&1200 1200w 674h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,2500,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8164e4f2b71105aeb4ea597a25c8cfb6773ca2cb1082775619d0649e9a50e775&1320 1320w 776h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,900,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=af8c34e75f5775321cb1b5909c0775ec1e7b5216abd5d1bc35755aff7a47c220&900 900w 529h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,700,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=450070aaa5104f1e527577d829158d9297f21d4b9c0b8bab28f44c57910e357b&700 700w 412h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,550,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=b657423fdf24e69f56df5919af4250972d1c1c22a55f9dbf0dabaf145e85be93&550 550w 323h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,400,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=d0eeea7c1737b6f4677e89786c1ea0685c05556d66d5dc14f5b023b029b2b48c&400 400w 235h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,300,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=f31c51bea8624215bb7f696af231a5730bb37773abe351d3b6b6de461d38942b&300 300w 176h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,150,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=f352dc940b7517f0a4d4a63262b85b2dc7902b1e5bcf30dc7d93342f4ed10c17&150 150w 88h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,1600,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0d591caaebb8cd7efe5dbe9133b5a2fbd0f7d738ecc5f942dd91e96092597b27&1320 1320w 776h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,1320,776,1200,776/0-0-0/3262d320-be3c-449d-973b-364dbb94c81a/1/1/Figure_9_copy.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8ad02b93bee5c70bf40ff937bb4fe145c36bfd1841ad238c35227d818b84bc55&1200 1200w 705h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/ee137a89-4eaf-4552-9e98-ce5e4f1d4fbe/1/1/Figure_10.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/f471aea3-333f-4339-98eb-673bfd4c49a9/1/1/Figure_11.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/80d83235-fdf1-4547-9a8d-0d0441679d09/1/1/Figure_12.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/713bcbf8-3f3c-4817-898c-3037e72e2755/1/1/Figure_13.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/be85ae65-e3ec-4ec6-ae32-24993731e7a2/1/1/Figure_14.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/443682f9-9876-421b-81ab-3419857af86e/1/1/Figure_16.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/e6cab781-116f-4e68-8421-d799c89b8cf4/1/1/Figure_17.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,2500,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=23bccedd3feebe46265ebd8e45d02ff247f055b74848f5900fc45393e3892c5e&2500 2500w 1618h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,900,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=39cc6a44357ba39eb6fcd80e64037e83357001fd4f7ca7d05c2882f896ca3a85&900 900w 582h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,700,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=9d38075b0f817a34c969e1791da73fa1d887d69b3b480fdaaa1e27373684cab0&700 700w 453h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,550,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=eccdf0bdf78dbd5279555fb71a0894f785cb8f337176caf868a4522c648b1525&550 550w 356h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,400,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8b5b322b7a690fd60c51e5f53df429acc9573d52407baefc12bc75573931e92d&400 400w 259h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,300,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=0dfe046b4ae2b9eb537df26988604e9a9cd8d7df2c1f02e61b90fb0b63a6ced0&300 300w 194h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,150,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=83ea3eacec0e226951a01df987c7a22b7cd62f0b192838c519b58ff7152ff1a1&150 150w 97h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1600,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=418b6605a03e996d37f144d61e08d94d84fd7b08045c7f54cda353eefee98100&1600 1600w 1035h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1941,1200,1941/0-0-0/84cf04aa-85fd-430d-ab40-267d8ad5a86c/1/1/Figure_18.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=e44cdab32a07394ee99188b01b5e0a69a750b56c7aa4e0d4b8745ce680874b85&1200 1200w 776h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,2500,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=2e477a32cf586a4f65035fe621f3faf857838ad79a121001f29cb79c3d30079e&2500 2500w 1632h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,900,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8af5a7413ab6f7ec7a788f4fead63dc948c5572e30f20c62cb2c701e23a9fe45&900 900w 587h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,700,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=14bdeb73bd498481d8ae8f24dc433bb43fd46211768eca8195708a2997cd80cf&700 700w 457h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,550,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=ff4b068b1da537e4397203a5932d8505f16525aca99788197206060c70d9898c&550 550w 359h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,400,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=06a01ede9585a9aaad31154eab2520bc55014e8d158b43a030648d63b68bc50d&400 400w 261h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,300,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=ddb02fef00e1fcc2f4a35dd4ceffd227d879723291e6f9e842df661f05173d68&300 300w 196h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,150,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=b27520b2665bfad64a107901c5b6081f4b51e7cb17abb693f015ca74535c4391&150 150w 98h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,1600,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1cfa373705f09d2a2f85632d71213f04bf95f652834f30004ef9260a0cf1b991&1600 1600w 1044h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,1200,1958/0-0-0/c3f18a9f-9c1e-4879-a2cf-6418d2cd19f7/1/1/Figure_19.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=4e73cad6fd1618663a25f8ce202f60aaee5ef703cd0e68abfb59b9cd5093a517&1200 1200w 783h)
![](https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,2500,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=2e477a32cf586a4f65035fe621f3faf857838ad79a121001f29cb79c3d30079e&2500 2500w 1632h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,900,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=8af5a7413ab6f7ec7a788f4fead63dc948c5572e30f20c62cb2c701e23a9fe45&900 900w 587h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,700,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=14bdeb73bd498481d8ae8f24dc433bb43fd46211768eca8195708a2997cd80cf&700 700w 457h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,550,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=ff4b068b1da537e4397203a5932d8505f16525aca99788197206060c70d9898c&550 550w 359h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,400,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=06a01ede9585a9aaad31154eab2520bc55014e8d158b43a030648d63b68bc50d&400 400w 261h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,300,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=ddb02fef00e1fcc2f4a35dd4ceffd227d879723291e6f9e842df661f05173d68&300 300w 196h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,150,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=b27520b2665bfad64a107901c5b6081f4b51e7cb17abb693f015ca74535c4391&150 150w 98h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,1600,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=1cfa373705f09d2a2f85632d71213f04bf95f652834f30004ef9260a0cf1b991&1600 1600w 1044h, https://format.creatorcdn.com/d1ea76d9-c165-4c75-a377-951d3b789654/0/0/0/0,0,3000,1958,1200,1958/0-0-0/7195e3b2-0c73-420c-abde-d4910025947c/1/1/Figure_20.jpg?fjkss=exp=2037511264~hmac=4e73cad6fd1618663a25f8ce202f60aaee5ef703cd0e68abfb59b9cd5093a517&1200 1200w 783h)